• Amakuru / AMAKURU-YO-HANZE

Jamaica yatangiye intambwe idasanzwe mu rugamba rwo gusaba indishyi zishingiye ku mateka y’ubucakara, aho Guverinoma yayo yashyikirije Umwami w’u Bwongereza Charles III ubusabe busaba ko ikibazo cy’uruhare rw’u Bwongereza mu bucakara bw’Abanyafurika cyigwa mu rwego rw’amategeko.

Ku wa Mbere tariki ya 7 Nzeri 2026, intumwa za Jamaica zari ziyobowe na Minisitiri w’Umuco, Uburinganire, Imyidagaduro na Siporo, Olivia Grange, zashyikirije ubusabe bwihariye Umwami Charles III i Londres. Jamaica irasaba ko ibibazo bijyanye n’ubucakara bwakorewe Abanyafurika bajyanwe muri Jamaica byasuzumwa na Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, urwego rw’amategeko rufite uruhare nk’urukiko rw’ikirenga ku bihugu bimwe bifitanye amateka n’u Bwongereza.

Ubusabe bwa Jamaica ntibusaba ko u Bwongereza buhita bwishyura amafaranga runaka. Guverinoma ya Jamaica yasobanuye ko icyo ishaka mbere na mbere ari ibisubizo ku bibazo by’amategeko n’inshingano z’u Bwongereza ku bijyanye n’ubucakara bw’Abanyafurika bwabaye mu gihe cy’ubukoloni.

Minisitiri Olivia Grange yavuze ko Jamaica ishaka kumenya niba uburyo Abanyafurika bajyanwaga ku gahato muri Jamaica, bakagirwa abacakara, bwari bunyuranyije n’amategeko y’u Bwongereza; niba ibyo bikorwa bishobora gufatwa nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu; ndetse niba u Bwongereza bufite inshingano zo gutanga indishyi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gusana ibyangijwe.

Guverinoma ya Jamaica yashimangiye ko iyi petition itari inyandiko isaba amafaranga runaka, ahubwo ko ari uburyo bwo gutangiza inzira y’amategeko kugira ngo ikibazo cy’indishyi gisesengurwe.

Umwami Charles III ni Umukuru w’Igihugu wa Jamaica, kuko iki gihugu kugeza ubu kigifite imiyoborere ishingiye ku bwami bw’u Bwongereza, nubwo hari gahunda n’impaka zikomeye zo kukigira repubulika.

Jamaica yahisemo gukoresha ubu buryo bw’amategeko kugira ngo ikibazo cy’ubucakara gikurwe mu biganiro bya politiki gusa, kijyanwe no mu rwego rw’amategeko. Iyi ntambwe ishingiye ku mategeko yashyizweho mu 1833, atanga uburyo bwo kugeza ibibazo bimwe ku Nama Nkuru y’Umwami, ari yo Privy Council.

Buckingham Palace yatangaje ko izi neza iyo ntambwe kandi ko ikorana na Guverineri Mukuru wa Jamaica kugira ngo ubusabe bushyikirizwe inzego zibishinzwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Icyakora, Umwami Charles III ntabwo ari we wenyine ufata icyemezo kuri iki kibazo, kandi uruhare rwe rugomba kubahiriza amahame agenga umwanya w’Umwami nk’umuntu utagira aho abogamira muri politiki.

Jamaica yamaze imyaka irenga 300 iri munsi y’ubutegetsi bw’u Bwongereza, kandi Abanyafurika benshi bajyanwaga kuri icyo kirwa ku gahato kugira ngo bakore imirimo y’ubucakara, cyane cyane mu mirima y’ibihingwa byinjizaga amafaranga menshi, birimo isukari.

Jamaica ivuga ko ingaruka z’ayo mateka zitagarukiye ku gihe ubucakara bwavanyweho, ahubwo ko hari ibibazo by’ubukungu, imibereho n’ubusumbane bikomeje kugira ingaruka ku baturage kugeza muri iki gihe. Abashyigikiye indishyi bavuga ko gukemura izi ngaruka bisaba ibirenze gusaba imbabazi cyangwa kwibuka amateka.

Intambwe Jamaica yateye yateguwe ku buryo ihurirana n’isabukuru y’ikintu gikomeye mu mateka y’ubucakara bw’Abanyafurika: ibyabaye ku bwato Zong mu 1781.

Ubwo bwato bwari butwaye Abanyafurika 442 bari bagizwe abacakara. Mu rugendo, ubwo amazi yabaga make, abantu 132, barimo abagabo, abagore n’abana, bajugunywe mu nyanja. Abari babikoze babonaga ko bishobora kubaha uburenganzira bwo gusaba amafaranga y’ubwishingizi ku bantu babonaga nk’“imitungo”.

Amakuru y’ubu bwicanyi yakomeje kwamamara mu Bwongereza, afasha kongera imbaraga mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ubucakara n’ubucuruzi bw’abacakara.

U Bwongereza bwahagaritse ubucuruzi bw’abacakara mu 1807, ariko ubucakara ubwabwo bwakuweho mu Bwami bw’u Bwongereza guhera ku ya 1 Kanama 1834.

Umwami Charles III yagiye agaragaza ko amateka y’ubucakara ari ikibazo gikomeye kandi ko hakenewe gusobanukirwa n’ingaruka zayo kugeza muri iki gihe.

Mu ijambo yagejeje ku bayobozi b’ibihugu bigize Commonwealth mu 2024, yavuze ko ibice bibabaje by’amateka bikomeza kugira ingaruka ku bantu muri iki gihe, anashimangira ko nubwo abantu badashobora guhindura ibyahise, bashobora kwigira ku mateka no gushaka uburyo bwo gukemura ubusumbane bukomeje kubaho.

Ariko kugeza ubu, Charles III ntiyigeze atangaza ko ashyigikiye ko u Bwongereza butanga indishyi z’amafaranga ku bihugu byigeze gukorerwamo ubucakara.

Guverinoma y’u Bwongereza imaze igihe ivuga ko idashyigikiye gusubiza amafaranga nk’indishyi z’ubucakara.

Abayobozi b’u Bwongereza bavuga ko ibikorwa byabaye mu gihe cyashize bigomba gusuzumwa hakurikijwe amategeko yariho icyo gihe. Bityo, bakavuga ko bidakwiye gushyiraho inshingano z’amategeko muri iki gihe hashingiwe ku bikorwa bitari bifatwa nk’ibinyuranyije n’amategeko mpuzamahanga igihe byakorwaga.

Ibi bituma ubusabe bwa Jamaica bushobora kuvamo impaka zikomeye mu by’amategeko no muri politiki.

Jamaica iri mu bihugu byo muri Karayibe bimaze imyaka bisaba ibihugu by’i Burayi, birimo u Bwongereza, kwemera uruhare rwabyo mu bucuruzi bw’abacakara no mu bucakara, ndetse no gutanga indishyi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gusana ibyangijwe.

Umuryango wa Caribbean Community (CARICOM) na wo umaze igihe ushyigikira ibiganiro ku ndishyi z’ubucakara, aho usaba ko hagira igikorwa ku ngaruka z’amateka y’ubucakara n’ubukoloni.

Mu mpera za Kanama 2026, Komite y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe kurwanya ivangura yasohoye amabwiriza avuga ko ibihugu bifite inshingano zo gutekereza ku buryo bwo gutanga indishyi no gukemura ingaruka z’ubucuruzi bw’abacakara n’ivangura rikomoka kuri ayo mateka.

Ku ruhande rwa Jamaica n’abashyigikiye iki gikorwa, indishyi ntizisobanura gusa ko u Bwongereza bwatanga amafaranga.

Bavuga ko hashobora kuba hakenewe n’ibindi bikorwa birimo guteza imbere uburezi, ubuzima, ibikorwa remezo, kubungabunga umurage w’Abanyafurika, gusubiza ibihangano n’ibindi bintu by’amateka byakuwe muri Jamaica, ndetse no kwemera ku mugaragaro ukuri ku byabaye.

Intumwa za Jamaica zari i Londres kandi zari ziteganyije kugirana ibiganiro n’British Museum ku bijyanye no gusubiza Jamaica ibihangano n’ibindi bintu bifite amateka bifitanye isano n’abaturage kavukire b’icyo gihugu.

Iki kibazo kandi gifite indi sura ya politiki. Jamaica imaze igihe iganira ku kuva ku bwami bw’u Bwongereza ikaba repubulika yigenga, bityo ikareka Umwami w’u Bwongereza kuba Umukuru w’Igihugu.

Bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko uko u Bwongereza buzitwara kuri ubu busabe bishobora kugira uruhare mu biganiro Jamaica ifite ku bijyanye n’ejo hazaza h’umubano wayo n’ubwami bw’u Bwongereza.

Kuri Jamaica, ariko, ikibazo cy’ingenzi ni ugushaka ibisubizo ku mateka y’ubucakara n’ingaruka avuga ko akomeje kugaragara.

Minisitiri Olivia Grange yavuze mu buryo busobanutse ko igihugu cye “gishaka ibisubizo”, mbere yo gufata indi ntambwe. Ubu Jamaica itegereje kureba niba ubusabe bwayo buzoherezwa mu Nama Nkuru y’Umwami kugira ngo ibyo bibazo by’amategeko bisuzumwe.

Iyi ntambwe ibaye imwe mu zikomeye Jamaica iteye mu myaka myinshi ishaka ko amateka y’ubucakara atibukwa gusa, ahubwo ko n’ingaruka zayo ziganirwaho mu buryo bw’amategeko, politiki n’ubutabera.

 

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