Bob Marley ufatwa nk’uwamenyekanishije cyane injyana ya Reggae,ubusanzwe yitwa
Robert Nesta Marley, yavutse tariki ya 6 Gashyantare mu 1945, mu gihugu cya
Jamaica, aza kwitaba Imana ku wa 11 Gicurasi 1981 mu mujyi wa Miami muri leta
ya Florida muri leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika.
Bob Marley
akiri ku isi, yaranzwe no gukora indirimbo zakundwaga kandi zigikunzwe n’imbaga
y’abatuye Isi biganjemo abarasita.
Uyu mugabo
ni umwe mu batumye umuziki wa Jamaica ndetse n’umuryango Rastafari umenyekana
ku isi ndetse ubona abakunzi benshi. Nyakwigendera, ni we muhanzi wa mbere ku
Isi mu bakora injyana ya Raggae wabashije kugurisha ibihangano byinshi dore ko
yagurishije ama CD agera kuri miliyoni 200.
Bob Marley
yabyawe n’umugore w’umwirabura witwa Cedella Marley Booker wari ufite imyaka 18
na se w’umuzungu witwa Norval Marley wari ufite imyaka 50. Kuvuka muri ubu buryo
byatumye Bob Marley ahura n’ibibazo by’ivangura mu bwana bwe kugeza abaye
ingimbi. Se wa Bob yitabye Imana uyu mwana afite imyaka 10 gusa.
Bob Marley
ni umwe mu bahanzi bubatse izina ku rwego rw’Isi, kugeza na n’ubu niwe muhanzi
uzwi kurusha abandi washoboye guteza imbere no kumenyekanisha injyana ya
Reggae. Akaba n’uwa mbere mu mateka washoboye kugurisha CD nyinshi z’indirimbo
muri iyi njyana.
Mu gihe cye
cy’ubugimbi, Bob Marley yavuye mu buzima bw’icyaro butari bumworoheye, ajya
gushakisha ubuzima mu mujyi i Trenchtown muri Kingston.
Ahageze
yahamenyaniye na Neville Livingston wanitwaga Bunny Wailer na Winston Hubert
McIntosh wiyitaga Peter Tosh bafatanyije guhimba no kuririmba.
Mu 1962, ku
myaka 17 y’amavuko, nibwo Bob Marley yasohoye indirimbo ye ya mbere yise ‘Judje
not’ bisobanura ngo ntugace urubanza. Muri iki gihe indirimbo ze ntizakunzwe
cyane ariko ntibyamuciye intege yakomeje gushyira ingufu ze mu buhanzi.
Mu 1963,
afatanyije na Junior Braithwaithe, Peter Tosh na Bunny Wailer bakoze itsinda
bise Wailers bisobanura ababibyi. Bashoboye gusinyana kontaro (contrat) na
studio One mu 1964 bikaba byaraborohereje gusohora indirimbo zabo.
Nyuma yo
gushyingiranwa na Ritha Anderson mu 1966, Bob Marley yasubiye gushaka nyina
wari waramaze nawe gushaka undi mugabo w’umunyajamayika witwa Booker bakaba
bari baragiye gutura muri Amerika.
Bob yashatse
akazi ko gukora muri hoteri yitwa Dupont, ariko ntibyamubuza kubibangikanya no
kujya yandika indirimbo.
Kuba nta
muterankunga ubifitiye ubushobozi yari afite, kugira ngo amufashe mu icuruzwa
ry’ibihangano bye, byatumaga indirimbo ze zitagurwa ku buryo bushimishije.
Ku bw’izo
mpamvu Bob Marley yaje guhura n’ubukene ku buryo kuba mu mugi n’umugore we
Ritha, ndetse n’abana babo babiri (2) Cedella na Ziggy bikomeza kugorana
ahitamo gusubira mu cyaro aho yavukiye mu 1967.
Nta mikoro
ahagije, mu 1969 Bob Marley yongeye gusanga nyina muri Amerika. Ahageze
yashatse akazi ko gukora mu ruganda rukora ibijyanye n’amamodoka rwa Crysler.
Umugore we n’abana nyuma baje kuhamusanga.
Tariki 3
ukuboza mu 1976, Bob Marley yararusimbutse, i Kingston mbere ya konseri
(concert) agiye gukora. Abantu batandatu bafite intwaro bamutegeye iwe,
bamurasa isasu ryamufashe ukuboko, irindi mu gituza, mu itako, irindi
rikomeretsa umugore we Ritha mu mutwe ariko ntiryamuhitana. Don Taylor,
umunyamerika wamufashaga mu bya muzika (manager) nawe yarashwe amasasu 6
aramukomeretsa. Uwashoboye kumenyekana muri aba bagizi ba nabi harimo Jim
Broun.
Iminsi nyuma
y’uko ibi biba, Bob Marley yitabiriye igitaramo i Kingiston. Umwe mu
banyamakuru amubajije impamvu yaje nyuma y’igihe gito agiriwe nabi,
yaramusubije ngo “ niba abantu bagerageza guhungabanya isi bataruhuka, ni gute
njye nabikora ? »
Ku iherezo
ry’ubuzima bwe, Bob Marley yayobotse idini y’aba ortodoxe bo muri Etiyopiya.
Bob Marley yifuje gusoreza ubuzima bwe muri Etiyopiya, ariko ntibyashobotse
kuko yaguye i Miami ku ya 11 Gicurasi 1981,ku bitaro bya kaminuza ya Miami muri
Leta ya Frolida afite imyaka 36 azize indwara ya cancer y’uruhu.
Yashyinguwe
ku ya 21 Gicurasi muri paruwasi yavukiyemo, ya Mutagatifu Ann aho uyu muhango
witabiriwe n’abantu benshi.
Bob Marley
yagiye afatwa n’abantu bo mu bihe bitandukanye nk’umuvugizi w’abatagira
kivurira. Yashatse kugaragaza uburyo amateka y’abirabura yacuritswe.
Abana ba Bob
Marley bazwi ni 11, harimo batanu yabyaranye n’umugore we Ritha, harimo babiri
muri bo batari abe. Umukobwa we mukuru Imani Carole, wavutse ku ya 22 gicurasi
1963 ntiyigeze amwemera, akaba yaramubyaranye na Cheryl Muray.
Nyuma yo
gushakana na Ritha, Bob yakiriye umwana witwa Sharon amurerana n’abe.
Bob Marley
abarirwa albums 13 yasohoye n’izindi 6 yakoze mu buryo bwa Live ariko yakoze
indirimbo 133.
Imwe muri
album ze zamumenyekanishije ikanagurwa kurusha izindi ni iyo yise ‘No woman no
cry’ aho iyi ndirimbo irimo ubutumwa buhumuriza umugore uba mu buzima bubi no
guhohoterwa.
Umuzingo
w’indirimbo wa Exodus wa Marley n’itsinda ry’abaririmbyi rye rya Wailers urimo
indirimbo zakunzwe nka Jamming, Three Little Birds na One Love.
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